BICS , CALP and CUP: Second Langauge Proficiency and Learning Theory
Bilingual and English as a Second Language (ESL) educators commonly refer to two types of English language proficiency: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language...

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Bilingualism in the Home
(Adapted from article by Jim Cummins). Educators have often told parents that using their native language at home will hurt their children's learning of English and other school subjects. Following...

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Developing English Proficiency
Developing Proficiency in English: How long does it take? What makes a difference? Many variables influence how quickly and to what extent students make progress in the development of different...

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Development and Dissemination Schools Initiative
A five-year project of the New York City Board of Education's Office of English Language Learners and the Education Alliance at Brown University. Good action research site and snapshots of best...

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Do Native Language Services Help or Hinder English Language Learners?
READWELL Scholar Christy Walsh discusses the research on the effectiveness of bilingual and dual language programs.

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Early Childhood Research Institute on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61 Children’s Research Center 51 Gerty Drive Champaign, IL 61821 217-333-4123 800-583-4135 Contacts: Amy Santos or Ron Banks

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ERIC Digests at Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL)
Some of the ERIC Digests (full-text) on the CAL website. These articles are short overviews of issues in ESL and bilingual education.

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Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA)
5835 Callaghan Road Suite 350 San Antonio, TX 78228-1190 210-444-1710

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NAEYC’s Position on Early Childhood Education of Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Children
Position statement of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. "Because knowing more than one language is a cognitive asset (Hakuta & Garcia 1989), early education programs...

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NCITE Research Synthesis: Reading and Diverse Learners
NCITE staff reviewed reading research on the design of instructional materials for diverse learners in six general areas - vocabulary acquisition, word recognition, text organization, emergent...

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